对湖南省127个旱地表土(0~20 cm)和56个旱地底土(20~40 cm)进行了有效S含量分析及花生和油菜施S效应的田间试验。结果表明:湖南省旱地土壤有效S含量表土低于底土;表土有效S含量低于30mg/kg的土样所占的比例为49%,低于16mg/kg的土样所占的比例为21%;旱地土壤有效S含量和缺S频率因成土母质而异,河流冲积物发育的土壤有效S含量最低(16.4±4.80 mg/kg),S含量低于16mg/kg的频率最高(64%),其次为紫色砂叶岩发育的土壤(有效S含量为28.3±3.21 mg/kg,S含量低于16mg/kg的频率为37%)。花生、油菜施S效应因S肥类型和S肥用量而异,单作时S的增产量和经济效益均以SSP为好,S肥用量为30kg/hm²的经济效益较高;轮作时连续施S,S的经济效益以SSP最好,S95和ES次之,最差的数石膏,花生施S效益为油菜的1.8~11.4倍;S肥类型和S肥用量不同,S残效不同。此外,施用S肥还能够增加花生、油菜的吸N量和粗脂肪量,提高N肥利用率,但S对花生吸N量和粗脂肪的累积效果好于油菜。

Contents of available sulphur in the surface soil and subsoil of upland field in Hunan province were analyzed, and responses to sulphur fertilizers were studied on peanut and rapeseed from 1997 to 2000 in Hunan province, China. The experiments indicated that contents of available sulphur in the surface soil were lower than that in the subsoil of upland field in Hunan province. About 49% of the soil samples had available sulphur in the surface soil lower than 30mg/kg, and 21% lower than 16mg/kg. Soil available S content and S deficient percentage vary with soil parent material. Soils (0~20cm) derived from river alluvium were the lowest available sulphur content, being 16.4±4.80 mg/kg and 64% of the soil samples had available sulphur content lower than 16mg/kg. The content of available sulphur in the soils derived from purple sandy shale was 28.3±3.21 mg/kg and 37% of the soilshad available sulphur content lower than 16mg/kg. Responses to sulphur fertilizers varied with type and application rate of sulphur fertilizer used on peanut and rapeseed. Response to SSP(single superphosphate) was the best in monoculture crop system, and so was the rate of 30kg/hm-2. But when S fertilizing was used continuously in the rotation system, the fertilizer was in the order of SSP > S95 > ES(elemental sulpher) > Gyp(gypsum) in terms of crop response. The economic profit of sulphur fertilizer on peanut was 1.8~11.4 times that on rapeseed. Residual effect of sulphur fertilizer also varied with type and rate of the fertilizer. Besides, sulphur fertilizer increased oil content and N uptake of rapeseed and peanut and The response from peanut was higher than that from rapeseed.

中-美(Sino-America)国际合作项目,由美国硫研究所和中国科学院南京土壤研究所提供研究资助