As far as effect of fertilization on soil health quality is concerned, organic compost poses more problems than mineral fertilizers. Inorganic N and K fertilizers are crystal compounds with quite high purity and less contamination of heavy metals and other materials. Commercial phosphate fertilizers, and Ca-Mg-phosphate made from domestic phosphate rocks are relatively low in Cd content, while those imported phosphate rock and super-phosphate, and ammonium phosphate fertilizers (whether domestically produced or imported) are generally high in Cd and other heavy metal content. Long term use of P fertilizers will result in contamination of Cd and other trace elements of the soil and crop products. Organic compost fertilizers are complicated in composition, containing pathogen microbes, organic toxic pollutants and heavy metals etc.. From the viewpoint of recycling of organic resources and ecosystem safety, organic compost must be exploited and used. Owing to its huge quantity in use, the impact to soil health quality should be monitored and well managed. It is, therefore, essential to establish corresponding regulations and quality criteria for compost production and application. Organic compost should mainly be used for production of forests, lawns, flowers, and woody economic crops. Cautions should be taken for use in vegetable and annual food crops.