By means of field experiment and testing analysis, genotypic differences in nitrogen recovery rate and its affecting factors were studied between spring wheat varieties in soils different in fertility and in nitrogen application rate in Ningxia. The results showed that nitrogen recovery rate, grain yield, nitrogen concentration and accumulation in grain and ground parts of the plant were significantly different between wheats different in genotype.The difference was much greater in soil with low fertility than in soil with high fertility. The average nitrogen recovery rate of wheat without nitrogen fertilization was 40.0kg/kg, whereas it was 30.8kg/kg with nitrogen fertilization. And the quantity of nitrogen needed for production of 100kg grain was 2.50kg on average in the former case, while it was 3.25kg in the latter one. Some varieties wheat high in both nitrogen recovery rate and yield were selected from 100 wheat varieties. Relationships of nitrogen recovery rate with N nutritional status and agronomical characteristics of wheat of different varieties in soils different in fertility and N application rate were studied by means of correlation analysis. On such bases, relevant characters and indices were put forth for culturing and breeding new varieties of wheat highly responsive to nitrogen.