Results of the research show that the soil organic matter content and soil available phosphorus content, both are generally moderate towards low, and the soil available potassium content is generally moderate in Yangzhou area, Jiangsu province. Over 90% of the soil has soil organic matter ranging between 10 to 40 g/kg in content, soil available phosphorus between 2 to 29 mg/kg, and soil available potassium between 25 to 125 mg/kg. Within the range, soil organic matter and soil available phosphorus appear in deviated normal distribution, and soil available potassium in normal distribution. Among these soil nutrients, variation coefficient of soil available phosphorus is the highest, and that of soil available potassium is the lowest. Among different counties, soil fertility is relatively higher in Baoying county and Gaoyu county.