In the maritime Antarctic region, alteration of primary minerals and formation of authigenic minerals evidently occur in the soils during rock weathering and soil-forming processes. Taking two representative types of soils, skeleti-gelic podzol and calcari-turbic cryosol, as examples, the paper addresses characteristics of soil mineralogy. It was pointed that secondary Fe-, Al-oxides in a variety of chemical compositions and morphological features, chlorites, carbonates were dominant authigenic minerals of the soil material. And, in the clay fractions of the soils, mineralogy was characterized by smectite and smecite-chlortie (I/S mixed minerals). It was stated that, due to variation of pedogenic environmental factors and differences in soil-forming processes and soil evolution history, mineralogical attributes of different soils, such as mineral constitutions, content levels and distribution patterns, varied significantly. Finally, pedogenic Fe-oxide formation was thought to be tightly linked with soil-forming processes, and therefore could be used as an effective index indicating genesis and development of soils.