Aluminum is one of the major constraints that limit plant productivity in acid soils, which are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas. Rice often suffers from Al stress in newly reclaimed acid soils, especially under upland conditions. This review focused on:(1) mechanisms of Al toxicity to rice; (2) mechanisms of Al stress tolerance of rice; (3) mechanisms of and measures for alleviation of Al stress in acid soils. In addition, problems and research priorities in the study on Al-toxicity to and Al-tolerance of rice were discussed.