Chemical fertilizer application plays an important role in nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of farmland runoff. By means of field survey and simulation test, effects of variety of fertilizer, intensity, timing and manner of fertilizer application on nitrogen and phosphorus losses from farmland were studied in this paper. The results show that excessive application of fertilizer was the primary cause of nitrogen and phosphorus loss from the farmland. Among different varieties of fertilizer, ammonium nitrate remarkably increased the concentration of total nitrogen in the runoff. Compared with other treatments and levels, application of urea coupled with superphosphate and potassium sulphate could reduce nitrogen and phosphorus loss and heighten cabbage yield; Compared with surface application, deep application or pit application can notably reduce nitrogen and phosphorus loss with the runoff.