Soil is a vital and finite resource on earth critical to maintenance of the functions and sustainability of the terrestrial ecosystem.Soil quality and health is closely related to sustainable development of the agriculture and animal husbandry and quality of the environment.Soil health can be briefly defined as:"the enduring capacity of a soil of functioning as a vital living system".Soil microbe is a key functional factor in soil biota,some microbiological parameters can be cited as general biological indicators for assessing soil health.The index system for assessing soil health can be divided into four aspects,i.e.quantity,activity,diversity and functionality of soil microbe.Especially some basic indexes and derived parameters related to microial biomass can be used as sensitive and quantitive bioindicators in monitoring and evaluating soil health,and as potential indicators for early warning of contamination and stresses of a soils ecosystem.