Xinjiang is one of the main regions that produce cotton and foodstuff in the country and its agriculture has been markedly affected by soil salinization for a long time. On the basis of the regional distribution and characteristic presented, natural and human factors influencing development of soil salinization were analyzed. It was pointed out that there exist four main problems with the development of salinized soil: geographical layout of land use, low efficiency of the canal systems, excessive irrigation, and lack of drainage planning. Corresponding countermeasures were proposed.