Bioremediation is a potential solution to environmental pollutions, to restoration of destroyed ecosystems, and to sustainable development of the society, characterized by being fast in process, low in consumption and cost, high in efficiency, moderate in reaction condition, and free of secondary pollution. An introduction is presented in this paper to principles and characteristics of bioremediation and advancements in researches on and application of various bioremediation techniques to remediation of petroleum contaminated soils, including microbial remediation technologies, phyto-remediation and mycorrhizospheric bioremediation.