To understand the influence of fertilization on soil respiration, a long-term experiment, in a fluvo-aquic soil in Fengqiu County, Henan Province, was conducted to monitor soil respiration under the rotation system of winter wheat/summer maize from June 2002 to June 2003. The relationship between soil respiration and soil water and temperature, and the contributions of soil respiration components were analyzed by statistic method. Fertilization influenced crop growth and caused the differences in soil respiration among the plots under different fertilization treatments, but the seasonal variation of soil respiration nearly coincided with crop growth. Contributions to soil respiration from rhizosphere respiration, heterotrophic respiration of intrinsic organic matter and decomposition of organic carbon in stubble of pre-crop and manure were different in different crop growth periods. The average contributions during maize growth season from the rhizosphere respiration, heterotrophic respiration of intrinsic organic matter and decomposition of organic carbon in stubble of pre-crop and manure were 19.43%, 70.19% and 10.37%, respectively, whereas 62.26%, 23.75% and 14.11% during wheat growth season, respectively. There were enormous differences in soil respiration among different fertilization treatments. Consumption of soil organic matter occurred mainly in maize growth period.