As the “world’s third polar”, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a complex and unique system. In consequence, the alpine soil has its distinct characters due to the particular natural and geographic environment. Firstly, this paper summarized the advances in soil organic carbon (SOC) pool of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau ecosystem, discussed the reasons that caused the differences of the results, then illustrated the observations and experiments on the alpine SOC emission, and investigated the impacts of climatic change on SOC of the alpine ecosystem. At present, the trend of global warming is aggravating, in the latest 40 years, the temperature of Qinghai-Tibet plateau has increased 0.3 ~ 0.4℃, the frozen soil area has degraded extensively, which lead to the decrease of the vegetation coverage, shrink of the area of alpine meadow and grassland, and the decrease of the productivity of vegetation and the input of soil organic matter, representing the dramatic degradation of the alpine eco-system. But the rising temperature accelerates the decomposition rate of SOC and therefore influences the carbon cycle and storage of the alpine eco-system. It has been a hot topic about the source and sink of SOC in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, but so far it is still unclear how the rising temperature influences SOC dynamically there, thus, long-term observations and experiments should be conducted in order to explain the effects of the carbon source and sink which change with the climatic change.