荒漠-绿洲边缘区生态过渡带的土壤颗粒分形特征
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国家林业科技支撑计划专题项目(2006BAD26B08-03)资助


Fractal Characteristics of Soil Particle of Desert-Oasis Ecotone
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    摘要:

    通过实地采样和实验室分析,测定了黑河中游荒漠绿洲边缘区生态过渡带的土壤粒级分布、有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)、速效氮(AN)和速效磷(AP)的含量,并采用 1993 年杨培岭等提出的用粒径的重量分布代替数量分布的土壤分形模型,计算了土壤颗粒分形维数;最后利用统计分析法,研究了颗粒分形维数与土壤粒级分布及各养分指标的关系。结果表明:从荒漠边缘向绿洲延伸的过渡带,土壤中砂粒含量占绝对优势,粉粒居中,黏粒最少,采样区土壤质地较粗;土壤颗粒分形维数在 2.105 ~ 2.609 之间变动,处于极低水平,与土壤各养分指标具有相似的变化趋势,除靠近绿洲区存在一个“生态裂谷”外,整体呈上升趋势;利用相关分析法得出,土壤颗粒分形维数与砂粒含量呈显著负相关,与黏粉粒及各养分指标均呈显著的正相关;利用回归分析法进行定量分析,砂粒含量每增加 1 g/kg,颗粒分形维数 D 降低 0.0019 个单位;粉粒和黏粒含量每增加 1 g/kg,颗粒分形维数 D 分别增加 0.002 和 0.023 个单位,对土壤颗粒分形维数变化幅度的影响依次为黏粒>粉粒>砂粒,分形维数对黏粒含量的变化最为敏感。因此,可以将土壤颗粒分形维数作为衡量荒漠-绿洲边缘区土壤养分变化状况的指标之一,用于反映荒漠绿洲区土壤的退化状况。

    Abstract:

    By field survey and lab analysis, soil particle distribution and the contents of organic carbon, total N, total P, available N and available P were examined and fractal dimension of soil particle was calculated in desert-oasis ecotone in the middle reaches of Heihe River basin, then the relationship between soil particle fractal dimension and soil physical-chemical properties were discussed by adopting statistic analytical methods. The results showed that in this ecotone from desert to oasis, sand dominated particle composition, while silt and clay were little, soil texture generally was coarse. The fractal dimension of soil particle ranged from 2.105 to 2.609. Fractal dimension and soil nutrients index showed similar increasing trends, with an “ecological gap” close to oasis. By correlation analysis the content of sand exhibited a significant negative correlation with fractal dimension, but the contents of silt, clay and soil nutrients showed significant positive correlation. The content of sand, silt and clay increased 1g/kg respectively, the relevant change of fractal dimension was -0.0019, 0.002 and 0.023, the influence extent on the change of fractal dimension was clay >silt > sand, it was sensitive to clay. So soil particle fractal dimension could be used as an index to evaluate soil nutrients and the degree of soil degradation in desert-oasis ecotone.

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陈小红,段争虎,何洪泽.荒漠-绿洲边缘区生态过渡带的土壤颗粒分形特征[J].土壤,2009,41(1):97-101. CHEN Xiao-hong, DUAN Zheng-hu, HE Hong-ze. Fractal Characteristics of Soil Particle of Desert-Oasis Ecotone[J]. Soils,2009,41(1):97-101

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