昆明市植烟土壤2002—2006年养分状况变化动态分析
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云南省烟草公司科技项目计划(06A12)资助


Changes of Nutrient Contents in Tobacco-Growing Soils of Kunming from 2002 to 2006
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    摘要:

    从2002年至2006年,连续5年每年均对昆明市主要植烟土壤进行养分状况普查。结果表明:①昆明市主要植烟土壤pH平均值以及pH值超过7.0的土壤比例近年来逐年上升;目前虽全市pH平均值尚处适宜范围之内,但pH值超过7.0的土壤比例已近40%,同时约25% 的土壤pH值小于5.5;②有机质和有效S平均含量目前总体偏高,且有逐年增加趋势;全市现已无缺S土壤;③有效B平均含量5年间虽逐年上升,但皆属轻度缺乏;而缺B土壤比例近年间有所下降,但目前仍有约70% 的土壤缺B;④目前全市植烟土壤的碱解N、速效P和速效K平均含量皆比2002年有所下降,总体处于适宜至偏高水平之间;同时碱解N、速效P和速效K含量过高的土壤比例近年间明显降低,而缺P或缺K土壤比例有所增加,目前已有约7% 的土壤缺P,近1/3的土壤缺K或极缺K;⑤交换性Mg和Zn的平均含量5年间变化不大,但总体偏高;同时,缺Mg土壤比例近年间有所增加,目前已有13% 的土壤缺Mg,而仅3% 的土壤缺Zn;⑥有效Ca含量近年来有所下降,但多数土壤偏高,部分缺乏;⑦土壤中Cl- 的含量近年间呈上升趋势,尽管目前全市平均值尚处适宜范围之内,但Cl- 超过30 mg/kg的比例已有大幅度增加。

    Abstract:

    Soil samples were collected each year from 2002 to 2006 from the tobacco-growing soils in Kunming before transplanting tobacco seedlings to the fields, and pH values and the contents of organic matter, rapidly available N, P and K, exchangeable Ca and Mg, available S, Zn and B, and Cl- were measured. The results showed that during the period the mean soil pH value increased, the area percentage of soil with pH>7.0 increased, constituting of about 40% of the total area, while about 25% of soil with pH <5.5, but soil pH was still at the suited level. The mean contents of organic matter and available sulfur increased and exceeded the desirable levels, no soil with deficient sulfur. The content of available boron increased, but still about 70% of soil with B deficient. The contents of rapidly available nitrogen, phosphors and potassium decreased a little, but generally were at suited levels or a little higher. The area percentages of soils with exorbitant rapidly available nitrogen, phosphors and potassium decreased, the area percentages of soils with deficient phosphors and potassium increased, about 7% of soil with phosphors deficient and about 1/3 of soil with potassium deficient. Exchangeable magnesium and available zinc changed little, but generally were beyond the desirable levels. The area percentage of soil with magnesium deficient increased, about 13% of soil with magnesium deficient while only about 3% of soil with zinc deficient. The content of exchangeable calcium decreased, but most soil were still beyond the desirable level. Although the content of Cl- increased, the mean content of Cl- was still at the suited level but the area percentage of soil with Cl- content >30 mg/kg increased greatly.

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许 龙,李忠环,陈荣平,赵正雄,徐天养.昆明市植烟土壤2002—2006年养分状况变化动态分析[J].土壤,2009,41(2):282-287. XU Long, LI Zhong-huan, CHEN Rong-ping, ZHAO Zheng-xiong, XU Tian-yang. Changes of Nutrient Contents in Tobacco-Growing Soils of Kunming from 2002 to 2006[J]. Soils,2009,41(2):282-287

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