Yizhou is one of the national “double-high (high yield and high sugar)” sugarcane productive bases, but it has faced sugarcane low yield for years. In 2007, a professional survey was conducted there in order to disclose the factors which hinder the promotion of sugarcane yield. A series of problems were found from the survey: 1) the climatic conditions (temperature, sunshine time, rainfall) are only marginal adaptive to sugarcane growth, 2) soils present an acidification tendency and low contents of organic matter, nitrogen, potassium and boron, 3) productive managements show the aging of sugarcane variety, unscientific fertilization, poor irrigation condition, low coverage of sugarcane leaf, etc. It is necessary and urgent to find the effective measures to overcome these above problems for the high yield of sugarcane.