Abstract:In this article the problems of soil pollution, acidification, erosion, decrease of soil fertility and area of the high-yielding land, and reserved land resource for cultivation in poor quality in Hunan Province were discussed. And then the great significance to release the Administrative Ordinance of the Cultivated Land Quality in Hunan Province was explained based on the food security, the quality security of agricultural products and the long turn administrative mechanism of the cultivated land quality, and the legislative characteristic of this ordinance was also discussed.