This study was aimed to explore the interaction between the development of vegetation succession and the soil anti-erodibility in hilly-gully regions based on the investigation carried out under different vegetation types in three watersheds of Loess Plateau．Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to study the soil anti-erodibility, PCA comprehensive exponent of anti-erodibility indexes showed an order of anti-erodibility as shrub community ＞ perennial herb and artemisia community ＞ annual and biennial herbs community，compared with annual and biennial herbs community, the anti-erodibility of shrub community and perennial herb and artemisia community increased 362.29% ~ 673.33% and 574.71% ~ 930.00% respectively; Field investigation showed soil erosive amount decreased with vegetation succession, and the amount of soil erosion in shrub community plots was only 1.42% ~ 5.59% of early succession plots; Regression analyses indicated that both water stable aggregates and organic matter were closely correlated to soil erosive amount. The organic matter content and ＞0.5 mm water-stable aggregates could be selected as indexes to indicate soil erosion degree due to the easy-acquirement.