Soil science has an important strategic position in national agricultural sustainable development and ecological environment construction. According to international research and development status of soil science, this paper analyzed soil science will be faced with lots of chances and challenges in the future, and proposed future development strategic needs, research direction and priority areas of soil science in recent 10-20 years. Meanwhile, we put forward the development strategic planning and thinking of soil science, and provides useful reference for further promoting soil science development in China.