含钾矿物中钾的释放及其与溶液环境中离子种类的关系
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中国科学院创新工程重要方向项目(KSCX2-YW-N-002)、国家自然科学基金项目(NSFC40971176,40201027)和国际钾肥研究所(IPI)项目资助。


Dynamic release of potassium from potassium bearing minerals as affected by ion species in solution
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    摘要:

    通过室内试验研究探讨 5 种含 K 矿物中 K 在不同溶液中的释放规律(释放量和释放速率)。结果表明,不同含 K矿物中 K 释放速率和释放量的顺序均表现为:黑云母>蛭石>金云母≥白云母>钾长石,不同 K 矿物释 K 速率在酸溶液中差异最大,其次在钙和钠盐溶液中,在水中的速率差异最小,这主要是受其矿物本身结构的影响。不同离子对含 K 矿物中非交换态 K 释放的促进作用差异显著:H+>>Ca2+>Na+>H2O>NH4+。随矿物 K 有效性增加,H+ 和 Ca2+ 对矿物 K 释放的促进作用越大,而且H+ 较 Ca2+ 对黑云母、金云母和长石中的 K 有更突出的促释作用。此外,Ca2+ 较 Na+ 显著促进了黑云母和蛭石中 K 的释放,但对其他矿物中 K 释放的影响两者无显著差异。NH4+ 则显著抑制了各种矿物中 K 的释放,对黑云母和蛭石的抑制作用更强于对金云母和白云母的作用。

    Abstract:

    The release disciplinarians, including cumulative K-release and release rate of potassium from five potassium bearing minerals under various solutions were studied. Results showed that the release rates of K from five K-bearing minerals under different solutions follow the order of biotite > vermiculite > phlogopite ≥ muscovite > feldspar. The diversity between the release rates of K from different minerals under the acid solution was significant, follow by the calcium and sodium solutions, the distill water reversed; it depended on the structure of the minerals. Different ions had different abilities to promote the release of non-exchangeable K from different minerals: H+ >> Ca2+ > Na+ > H2O > NH4+. With the increase of the availability of mineral K, H+ and Ca2+ had greater effect on mineral potassium release. Furthermore, the effects of H+ and Ca2+ on biotite, phlogopite, and feldspar were distinct. To vermiculite and biotite, Ca2+ accelerated the release of potassium distinctly rather than Na+. However there was no difference between Ca2+ and Na+ when they extracted other three types of mineral. However, NH4+ restrained potassium release from every kind of minerals remarkably, comparing to phlogopite and muscovite, the effects of restrain on vermiculite and biotite were stronger.

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沈钦华,王火焰,周健民,杜昌文,陈小琴.含钾矿物中钾的释放及其与溶液环境中离子种类的关系[J].土壤,2009,41(6):862-868. SHEN Qin-hua, WANG Huo-yan, ZHOU Jian-min, DU Chang-wen, CHEN Xiao-qin. Dynamic release of potassium from potassium bearing minerals as affected by ion species in solution[J]. Soils,2009,41(6):862-868

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