Farmland nutrient balances under different cropping rotations in two alluvial soil regions of Hubei Province were studied and evaluated by using nutrient permissible surplus or deficit rate on the base of investigation and sample analysis from 2001 to 2005. Results showed that, ① in the main cropping rotations of the studied regions, both potash application rate and ratio were obviously lower than N fertilizer, but K absorption of the crops was obviously higher than N absorption. P and K absorption ratios of early-rice and late-rice were significantly higher than those of other crops；②significant surplus of N, deficit of K and relative balance of P were observed. The deficit rate of K in paddy soil was much higher than that in upland soil. Countermeasures were proposed to realize the beneficial cycle of soil nutrient balance, for examples, to decrease N fertilizer and increase K application, to make fertilization strategy for an entire cropping rotation.