Under the field experimental conditions, we explored the effects of different fertilizing treatments on the contents of soil nutrients and soil enzyme activities. The results showed that: in each growth period of peanut, the contents of soil available nutrients in the treatments of the controlled-release compound bulk fertilizer were highest, which could meet for peanut requirement throughout the whole growth period. The common compound fertilizer released the nutrients quickly in soil thus led nutrient insufficiency later. The activities of urease and acid phosphatase in the treatments of the controlled-release compound fertilizer were much higher than those in the treatments of common compound fertilizer and control. The activity of catalase was less affected by the types of fertilizers, which ranged from 2.68 to 6.26 ml/g. Significant correlations existed between soil enzyme activity and soil nutrient content, positive correlation between urease activity and available P, negative correlation between catalase activity and available P, positive correlation between urease and phosphatase activities and available N, negative correlation between catalase activity and available K. The results indicate the feasibility of soil enzyme activities in assessing soil nutrients and fertility.