The development and utilization of cultivated land reserve resources is important measure to compensate the lost arable land and maintain the dynamic balance of total cultivated land area and food security. We studied the spatial distribution of potentiality and exploitation combination sequence of cultivated land resources of Jiangsu Province by the methods of spatial graphic analysis supported by GIS and the two dimensional graph theory-clustering on the base of results of the agricultural land classification. The results showed the differences of quality potentiality of cultivated land reserve resources in different regions were distinct by evaluating the distribution of potentiality of cultivated land reserve resources in Jiangsu Province. It showed that low yield farmland reserve resources was in an order of northern region>central region>southern region, while the other three types, i.e., rural construction land, land reclamation, unutilized land exploitation, in an order of southern region>central region>northern region. Based on the county-level administrative units, we also established the exploitation combination sequences of cultivated land reserve resources for the whole province according to geographical potential similarity, it could provide the scientific basis for the proper development and utilization of cultivated land reserve resources, especially for the prior developing regions.