Based on the land use status and the natural and socio-economic conditions of 87 districts and counties in Gansu Province in 2006，the evaluation indicator system of comprehensive land use efficiency was established，which consisted of 17 evaluating indicators, then the spatial variation of land use efficiency were analyzed and evaluated by using factor analysis and global/local spatial autocorrelation methods. Results showed that the land use efficiency differed greatly in different districts and counties. The spatial distribution of intensive use factor, environment factor and food security factor and social progress factor of the counties showed positive autocorrelation, among which, intensive use factor of land use had the most remarkable spatial variation. The results are important for establishing differential land use strategy so as to realize reasonable land use and adjustment, coordinative development among regions and socioeconomic and eco-environment in Gansu Province.