Phosphorus is a crucial factor for water eutrophication. Taking soil in drainage basin of Baoxiang River as the study subject in this paper, the spatial-temporal variation and its influence factors of phosphorus in different land use types were studied. The results showed that phosphorus accumulated obviously in the drainage basin, phosphorus accumulation and loss could be influenced by soil loss and by different land use types. There were positive correlations between Olsen-P and pH, soil organic matter. The above results are helpful for preventing soil phosphorus loss in different land use types and for the study and implement of regional precision agriculture.