In this paper, the Cele oasis, which located at the southern margin of Tarim Basin, was selected as a study area in order to analyze the farmlandsoil particle size distribution (PSD) and its variation characteristics, and then to identify the main factors that influence soil PSD. Based on soil samples collected from farmlands of whole oasis in September 2008 and the PSD data obtained by laser diffraction technique, the volume fractal dimension (D) values of soil PSD were determined. The results of D value indicated that there was significant difference in PSD between farmlands, and the hypothesis that the location and utilization year of farmlands are the main reasons that result in variation of PSD was established. The ordination methods were used to quantitatively analyze the contribution rate of each factor. Our results indicated the utilization year is the dominated factor, its relative contribution is 67%. These results indicated that long-term and effective tillage management for farmlands will be beneficial to keep and improve states of soil PSD.