Soil samples that have exposed to different fertilization management practices for 18 years were used to examine the variations of various enzyme activities, including urease, invertase, dehydrogenase activity, and fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis, with storage time of air-drying soil and incubation period after rewetting. Soil enzyme activities were determined, respectively, on fresh samples or samples that have air-dried and stored for 30 d, samples that have air-dried and stored for 210 d, and on rewetted samples that have incubated for 15 or 51 d at field capacity (25℃). Relationship between the content of soil organic carbon and the change in enzyme activities after storage and incubation was also evaluated. The results showed that urease activity was relatively stable during the storage time of air-drying soil and subsequent 15d incubation at field capacity, while the activity significantly shifted down 51 d after rewetting. A considerable decline in invertase activity was observed during the storage time of air-drying soil. Relative to the fresh soil, dehydrogenase activity was significantly shifted up 15 d after rewetting, however, the activity shifted down again and was comparable to the fresh soil when the incubation time expanded to 51 d, indicating that dehydrogenase activities determined in the later conditions were representative of fresh soil values. Among the four determined enzyme activities, FDA showed largest fluctuations during the experimental period, probably because of its greater decline when the soil changed from fresh state to air-dried state. The significantly negative relationship between the content of soil organic carbon and the variation coefficient of urease or dehydrogenase activity suggested that soil organic carbon was one of the most important factors in controlling their fluctuations with environment. In addition, the responses of soil NH4+-N, NO3--N and DOC contents to four kinds of treatments were different. During the incubation period of soil rewetted after drying, the trend of NH4+-N content descended first and then ascended, which was opposite to urease activity, and NO3--N content ascended during the whole incubation, which was opposite to DOC content.