Due to high cropping index, high fertilization load and some other factors, the nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in the drainage of vegetable fields were high, which was more likely to cause eutrophication to the receiving water bodies. In response to such problem, the experiment constructed the buffer zones, firstly explored the appropriate species of the interception plants in the buffer strip, and then studied the removal efficiency of different forms of nitrogen and phosphorus in the vegetable drainage of different widths of the buffer strip. The results showed that, compared with oryza sativa and ipomoea aquatica, cynodon dactylon was more suitable to be interception plants in the buffer zones; with the width of buffer zones increased, the removal efficiency of different forms of nitrogen and phosphorus in the vegetable drainage of the buffer zones increased, but the increase rate of the removal efficiency reduced gradually. When the target removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus and the principle of land conservation were considered, the optimal width of buffer zones should be set to be 1.5 m, while the vegetable land area and buffer zones area ratio was 100:11.