Soil and water conservation of ramie and peanut were studied in red soil sloping land. The relationships between the rainfall, leaf area index, vegetation coverage and surface runoff or canopy interception were given in this study. This experiment began in April and ended in July. The results showed that both for the surface runoff and soil loss, the ramie treatment was superior to the peanut treatment. Compared with the peanut treatment, the canopy interception of the ramie treatment was increased by 22.9% - 908.3% and soil infiltration rate was increased by 16.2% -157.7%. The runoff and rainfall had significantly positive correlation, while had significantly negative logarithm correlation with the coverage and negative exponential correlation with the leaf area index in red soil sloping land.