Spatial variability of soil properties is significant of soil mapping, precision fertilization and sustainable development of agriculture. Fractal geometry is a new scientific method and theory to explore complexity, as a tool to research the spatial variability of soil properties will have a brilliant future. This paper summarized the literatures of the fractal theory in the spatial variability of soil physical properties, chemical properties, moisture characteristics and state parameters after 2000. Finally, the prospects of the application of the fractal theory were probed.