The fertilization of rape fields between 2007 and 2008 in Jiangsu Province was studied by the method of farmer investigation and the main problems in fertilization were discussed. The results showed that more than 90% of farmers applied urea or compound fertilizer, less than 20% and 6.5% of farmers applied single phosphorus or potassium fertilizer and less than 6.5% of farmers applied boron fertilizer. The average application amounts of N, P2O5 and K2O fertilizers were 263, 113 and 110 kg/hm2, respectively, and the ratio was of 1: 0.43: 0.42. The amounts of N, P2O5 and K2O from chemical resources accounted for 93.2%, 63.7% and 53.6%, respectively. 69.9% and 81.5% of farmers applied N over 180 kg/hm2 and K2O below 80 kg/hm2 . The highest (45.8%) percent of fertilization time was applied in three steps (fertilizer at seeding stage + basal fertilizer + top-dressing). The amount and proportion of base N fertilizer were 111.5 kg/hm2 and 42.4%, respectively. The existing questions are as followings : firstly, manures were not fully used and their application amounts were insufficient; secondly, N fertilizer was used excessively while K fertilizer insufficient; thirdly, the inputs of various fertilizers were unbalanced.