The application of energy index method（D）on drought monitoring in Heilongjiang was studied in this paper by using EOS/MODIS data and the soil moisture data. The results showed that energy index method was obviously better than apparent thermal inertia（ATI）and vegetation supply water index（VSWI）in drought monitoring. Further more, energy index method solved the disadvantages of the other two methods that couldn’t monitor soil moisture continuously and was suited to monitor soil moisture at any soil layer with any level of vegetation cover. In addition, soil moisture retrieval model based on energy index method was built by using several-year data in different periods and soil layers. The fitting result of the energy index models on the depth of 50 cm showed the highest one and the fitting result on the depth of 20 cm was higher. Then the model was used to monitor the drought in Heilongjiang in 2009 and the results showed that not only the spatial distribution but also the development process of drought accorded with the observations of soil relative humidity.