The identification and detection for soil heavy metal pollution with high risk is the foundation of risk evaluation and management for soil health, and it is also the important premise of soil pollution control, environmental security insurance and agricultural sustainable agricultural development. This paper reviewed the methods of identification and detection for soil heavy metal pollution with high risk and introduced their advantages and disadvantages. The methods included exploratory statistical analysis, element distribution comparison in soil profile, comparison with environmental criterion or background of soil heavy metals, isotopic tracer, GIS and spatial analysis, multiple statistical analysis, geostatistics and spatial statistical analysis. Combining high accuray surface modeling with spatial analysis in GIS, multiple statistical analysis and spatial statistical analysis, can not only be helpful for providing the methods for soil and land resource investigation, but also be for supporting soil pollution evaluation, risk management, regional environment quality improving, land use plan, and agriculture and urban development.