施肥模式对连作菊花生长状况及产量的影响
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公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费(200903011)和中国科学院创新方向项目(KSCX2-EW-B-6)资助


Effects of fertilizer application on growth and yields of continuous cropping medicinal chrysanthemum
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    摘要:

    长期连作以及大量化肥尤其是化学氮肥的投入导致农作物连作障碍严重,中药材也面临同样的困境。为寻找一种绿色无污染、环境友好、可持续的防控连障方法,我们在连作药用菊花十余年的田块进行小区试验,设置当地施肥育苗(D)和优化施肥育苗(T)2种育苗;当地施肥(CK)、优化施肥+减氮20%(T1),优化施肥+减氮40%(T2)3种施肥,共6个处理,研究减氮配合优化施肥种类对连作药用菊花生长状况及产量的影响。试验结果显示:①T育苗植株地上部生物量、株高、分枝数、叶面积优于D育苗,TCK处理地上部生物量、分枝数分别是DCK的2.26倍和3.5倍,差异显著;DCK与DT1处理植株地上部生物量、株高、分枝数和现花蕾期叶面积差异均不显著。②T育苗各个施肥处理的菊花单株花蕾数高于D育苗相应施肥处理,在CK施肥处理差异极显著,T1 施肥处理中差异显著,DCK与TT2 处理的花蕾数无显著性差异;单株产量和花蕾比均以T育苗较高但不显著。③小区产量以T育苗和优化施肥的处理较高,TT1处理小区产量是DCK的1.88倍,差异极显著。优化施肥模式提高了药用菊花株高、分枝数以及现蕾花期叶面积,改善了连作菊花的生长状况,从而提高了地上部生物量;优化施肥模式有增加花数、提高开花整齐度的趋势,从而提高产量,优化施肥模式可弥补减氮的影响;优化施肥在育苗阶段的效果优于生长阶段。

    Abstract:

    Continuous cropping obstacle (CCO) causes serious losses in agricultural production. Chinese medicinal herb cultivation also faces the same difficulty. In order to find a green, non-polluting, environmentally friendly and sustainable prevention and controlling method for CCO, plot experiment in a field cultivating medicinal Chrysanthemum for ten years more were carried out. There were six treatments with two seedling methods multiplying three fertilization methods, D and T were represented local seedling method and optimized seedling method respectively. The three fertilization methods were represented respectively by CK as local treatment, T1 as applying conditioner and cut off 20% of N supply, and T2 as applying conditioner and cut off 40% of N supply. The results showed that: 1) Biomass, plant height, branch number and leaf area were significantly higher in optimized seedling treatments, compared to local seedling treatments. Biomass and branch number of treatment TCK were significantly higher than those of treatment DCK (1.26 and 2.5 times of DCK), respectively. Biomass, plant height, branch number and leaf area in treatment DCK did not show significant difference with treatment DT1, in which N supply was cut down by 20%. 2) Plant yield, flower and bud number in treatments of two seedling methods showed the same trend as above. Meanwhile, yield and flower and bud number per plant in treatment TT2 did not show significant difference with that of treatment DCK. The flower-bud ratio of optimized seedling was slightly higher than that of local seedling. 3) Optimized fertilization methods had positive effect on plot yield, plot yield in treatment TT1 was 1.88 times of that in treatment DCK and reached extremely significant level. The results indicated that under optimized fertilization model the plant height, branch number and leaf area in flowering stage were improved so that biomass accumulation increased. Flower and bud number, dry weight of the flower and flower-bud rate were improved in a certain degree, yields increases as a result, thus negative influence caused by cutting N supply were compensated. Optimized seedling is more effective than optimized fertilization.

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吕华军,刘秀梅,王 辉,董元华,刘德辉.施肥模式对连作菊花生长状况及产量的影响[J].土壤,2012,44(5):747-753. LV Hua-jun, LIU Xiu-mei, WANG Hui, DONG Yuan-hua, LIU De-hui. Effects of fertilizer application on growth and yields of continuous cropping medicinal chrysanthemum[J]. Soils,2012,44(5):747-753

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  • 在线发布日期: 2012-11-05
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