The qualitative and quantitative distributions of three main soil microbes, including bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes, and soil nutrient contents in pear orchard were analyzed under different soil managements. The results showed that: 1) the distribution of soil microbes was distinct in depth, and the amount of soil microbes decreased with the increase of soil depth. 2) Among three groups of microbes in the same depth the quantity of bacteria was highest, followed by actinomycetes and then by fungi. 3) compared mulching grass three years with one year, the fungi and actinomycetes in surface and subsurface were significantly increased, soil bacteria in above depth was no significant different; compared with natural grass, mulching and watering treatments, combining straw mulching and plastic-film mulching maximized the number of soil microorganisms. 4) grass mulching three years significantly increased soil organic matter, alkali-hydro nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium, single plastic-film mulching treatment decreased soil nutrient contents, but the combination of straw mulching and plastic-film mulching significantly increased soil organic matter, available phosphorus and available potassium.