It is of prevalent concern that agricultural soil is a significant source of atmospheric N2O and NO. Nitrification and denitrification are the two key processes involved in N2O and NO production. These two microbial processes and subsequent N2O and NO emissions are strongly influenced by environment factors and management measures in the agricultural land. In this paper, a review was presented to summarized the effects of soil moisture and temperature conditions, soil texture and pH, fertilizer application and changes in tillage practice on N2O and NO production and emission in agricultural soils.