The large areas of red soils in south China are critical food-producing and industrial crops producing regions for China. However, agriculture therein is seriously limited by the growing soil acidification and aluminum toxicity. Evidences indicate that soil acidification and aluminum toxicity is more and more serious in recent years. Soil acidification and aluminum toxicity in this area are mainly caused by acid deposition, fertilization, intensive agriculture and monoculture. Recent reports in red soil acidification and aluminum toxicity in south China, and its major cause were analyzed in depth in this review. Furthermore, preventive measures, such as controlling acid precipitation, applying reasonable fertilization and crop cultivation measures were suggested.