不同施肥措施对冬小麦灌浆期氮素吸收分配的影响
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公益性行业科研专项(201203030-05),河南省中国科学院省院合作项目(CXJQ120112),“十二五”科技支撑计划循环农业项目(2012BAD14B08,2012BAD14B04)和河南省科技攻关项目(132102110068)资助


Effects of Nitrogen Uptakes by Winter Wheat Under Various Fertilizations During Filling Stage
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    摘要:

    以黄淮海平原国家潮土土壤肥力与肥料效益长期监测站为平台,研究了长期不施肥(CK)、氮钾配施(NK)、氮磷钾配施(NPK)、氮磷钾配施有机肥(MNPK)或秸秆(SNPK) 5 种施肥措施对灌浆期冬小麦吸收利用氮素的影响。研究结果表明,在等氮量条件下,施氮量为 N 165 kg/hm2 时,NPK、MNPK、SNPK 处理有利于小麦在灌浆阶段维持田间较高的群体数和干物质的积累量;其中 MNPK、SNPK 处理较 NPK 处理有利于小麦灌浆阶段在茎、鞘器官的生长和干物质积累。在氮素吸收方面,NPK、MNPK、SNPK 处理有利小麦灌浆期茎、叶、鞘、穗等器官对氮素的吸收、分配和累积。与 CK 处理相比,施无机氮、有机氮分别为 N 49.5、115.5 kg/hm2 时,MNPK、SNPK 处理可以延长灌浆高峰期 7 天左右;而施无机氮为 165 kg/hm2 时,与 CK 处理相比,NPK、NK 处理可以延长 14 天左右。在花后 1 ~ 14 天,MNPK、SNPK 处理在茎、穗部位氮素吸收累积量要高于 NPK 处理,其中穗部差异分别达到 P≤0.05 显著水平、P≤0.01 极显著水平;在花后 21 ~ 35 天,NPK 处理在叶、籽粒部位氮素吸收累积量要高于 MNPK、SNPK 处理,其中叶部差异均达到 P≤0.05 显著水平或 P≤0.01 极显著水平。此外,在灌浆期 MNPK 处理在穗部氮素累积量要高于 SNPK 处理。总之,在本试验条件下,无机有机肥配施应适当加大无机氮肥的供应量以弥补小麦灌浆中后期起氮肥供应不足的现象。

    Abstract:

    In order to provide proper technology of fertilization and reduce nitrogen lose, effects of nitrogen uptake by winter wheat during grain filling stage were studied. In this study, nitrogen uptakes by winter wheat under five fertilization treatments: no fertilization (CK), inorganic fertilization (NK, NPK), inorganic NPK fertilizers and manure combination (MNPK), and inorganic NPK fertilizers and straw combination (SNPK), were carried out at National Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Effects Long-term Monitoring Net Work-Zhengzhou Fluvo-aquic Station in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain. The results showed that NPK, MNPK and SNPK treatments were better to obtain proper groups, higher dry biomass production during grain filling stage; both MNPK and SNPK treatments were more useful for stems and leaf sheaves growing and producing. Moreover, they also increased nitrogen uptakes from soils at grain filling stage, and improved allocation or accumulation in stems, leaves, leaf sheaves and ears. Compared with CK treatment, the filling times of MNPK and SNPK treatment, which the application of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer (N 49.5 kg/hm2) and organic nitrogen fertilizer (N 115.5 kg/hm2), would increase in about 7 days. However, the filling times of NPK and NK treatment which inorganic nitrogen fertilizer application rates were N 165 kg/hm2, would increase in about 14 days. Nevertheless, nitrogen accumulations of MNPK and SNPK treatments in stem and ears (P≤0.05 and P≤0.01, respectively) after flowered from 1 to 14 days were all higher than those of NPK treatment, but nitrogen accumulations of MNPK and SNPK treatments in leaves (P≤0.05 or P≤0.01) and kernels after flowered from 21 to 35 days were all lower than those of NPK treatment. In addition, nitrogen accumulation of MNPK treatment in ears at grain filling stage was better than SNPK treatment. Therefore, inorganic nitrogen fertilization rates should be increased in organic and inorganic fertilizer compound application in order to avoid nitrogen absence and gain more grain yields.

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聂胜委,黄绍敏,张水清,郭斗斗,张巧萍.不同施肥措施对冬小麦灌浆期氮素吸收分配的影响[J].土壤,2013,45(4):591-597. NIE Sheng-wei, HUANG Shao-min, ZHANG Shui-qing, GUO Dou-dou, ZHANG Qiao-ping. Effects of Nitrogen Uptakes by Winter Wheat Under Various Fertilizations During Filling Stage[J]. Soils,2013,45(4):591-597

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  • 在线发布日期: 2013-09-11
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