The article is devoted to the celebration the 60th anniversary of the establishment of the Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences. In the 60 years, the institute has achieved great development in construction, and made great contributions on soil science and agriculture & ecological environment sustainable development. In this article, we reviewed the brilliant achievement of the institute in the period of establishment (1953—1965), development (1965—1983), reform (1983—2000), and exploration and innovation (2001—present). Furthermore, we highly summarized five experiences and questions including key development, important strategy, basic motive power, supporting and security system, basic guarantee. Meanwhile, we deeply cherished the memory of great contributions of our ancestors for the undertakings of soil science in China, their noble qualities including hard working, indifferent to fame and wealth, concentrate to research, courageous innovation, serving for the country, benefiting the people and total devotion and rigorous academic style and spirit of dedication. At last, we hope that all the members in the institute aim at the national strategic demand and the frontier of disciplines, take the opportunity for development all the time, fulfill the Twelfth Five-Year developing strategic planning and “One Strategic Positioning, Three Major Breakthroughs, Five Key Cultivation Directions” planning, which will turn a new era for the undertakings of soil science in China.