The effects of different fertilization structures on peanut’s yield and nutrient uptake and release of soil nutrients were studied with field plot experiment in red soil region. The results showed that: 1) the combined application of organic and chemical fertilizers significantly increased peanut yield; peanut yield was the highest when plus 4 500 kg/hm2 pig manure. 2) Nutrient uptake of the combined application of organic and chemical fertilizers was higher than CK treatment. 3) The combined application of organic and chemical fertilizers provided enough N, P and K in the earlier growing period of peanut and enhanced soil available nutrient contents in the later growing period.