Three Hydragric Anthrosols chronosequences, respectively derived from purple sand shale, quaternary red clays and red sandstone in hilly regions of South China, were studied to assess the dynamic changes of soil organic carbon (SOC). The results indicated that SOC was easily accumulated in Hydragric Anthrosols derived from purple sandstone soil and quaternary red clay soils, and mainly accumulated in anthrostagnic epipedon at the initial cultivation stage followed by subsoilsm but SOC was hardly accumulated in Hydragric Anthrosols origined from red sandstone soil. The exploratory model derived from stepwise multiple regression procedure for estimating SOC of the cultivated horizon in Hydragric Anthrosols proved that SOC accumulation were mainly affected by soil particle size composition.