In Karst region, soil property is sensitive to environmental change of environment due to the fragile ecological environment and serious rock desertification. Understanding the effects of environment factors on soil properties will provide guidance for ecological restoration and reconstruction. Taking a slope land of typical Karst plateau as research object, the soil nutrients were measured with setting the sampling site using a line transect from base to top of the slope with a 10 m interval, and simultaneously, the environmental factors were investigated and recorded. The relationships between soil nutrients and the changes of relative elevation were analyzed, and the effects of topographical factors including the bare-rock rate, soil thickness and relative elevation on soil nutrients were discussed. The results showed that with the increase of relative altitude, the bare-rock rate was significantly increased and the soil depth within 0-30 cm was significantly negative correlated with bare-rock rate (P<0.01). The covariance analysis showed that high bare-rock rate promoted the accumulation of the contents of soil organic carbon (SOC), nitrogen and phosphorus. The contents of SOC and total nitrogen (TN) were influenced by bare-rock rate and relative altitude. The content of total potassium (TK) was mainly influenced by the relative altitude. Soil pH was influenced by rock bare-rate, soil depth and relative altitude, but the three topographic factors have no effect on the content of available potassium (AK). The random error analysis indicated that the contents of SOC and available nutrients were also influenced by the other factors, which needs further investigation.