This research was conducted to determine the concentrations of heavy metal in farmland of a typical smelters in Guizhou Province. Soil samples were collected from agricultural soils including 12 surface layer soils and five typical profiles at different distances from the smelter chimney in Dachang Town of Qinglong County. Results showed that the mean concentrations of Sb, Zn, Pb, Hg, As and Cu in surface layer soils were 58.58, 11.96, 7.99, 7.45, 6.70 and 1.60 times of soil background values of Guizhou, respectively. The vertical variation of heavy metals (except Pb) in soil profiles were significantly different and the average content of heavy metals in soils was followed the sequences: Mn>As>Sb>Cu>Cr>Pb>Hg>Cd, which were all higher than the average level of the national soil background value, and more, the average content of As, Cr, Mn and Hg performed to have great differences, the main pollution elements Hg and As were 4.7 times and 4.4 times of the standard of national grade II, followed by Cd and Cu which were 3.0 times and 2.7 times, respectively. Correlation analysis and cluster analysis showed that soil was suffered from combined pollution of heavy metals, such as Cr, Cd, Cu, Sb and As, which were higher at all layers in soil profile in the light of SFPI and the top-layer (0-20cm). However, certain risk to plant was present according to the assessment results of heavy metals with Single Factor Pollution Index(NCPI). The pollution levels were followed the sequence: Dachang village>Zhongxinjie village>Bikang group and Tianba group, and the index was between 1.21 and 14.83.