The heavy metal concentration of Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn of peanuts, roots soil of agricultural land and irrigation river water samples were analyzed from near and downstream of Northern Guangdong Mine tailing pond, the degree of pollution and the health risk of four heavy metals were evaluated by the single factor pollution index, bio-concentration factor and target hazard quotients health risk. The results showed that the low pollution level and high potential health risk of the Cr element, high pollution level and potential health risk of the Cu and Zn elements relatively, slight-middle pollution level and low potential health risk of the Pb element, lower than the Cu and Zn elements, and not obvious of the Pb enrichment of peanuts. In general, high health risks of heavy metals Cr, Cu, Zn and low health risks of Pb element of peanut planting in research area, and the results provided a theoretical basis for the security use and soil improvement of the regional agricultural land.