Abstract:Under laboratory conditions,the pot culture of maize was conducted with vermicompost which involved four levels((0, 5%, 10% and 20%)) for 30 days in vegetable soil. The effects of vermicompost on soil microbial characteristics and enzyme activities were evaluated. With the increase of vermicompost, contents of dissolved organic carbon, available nitrogen and phosphorus, and microbial carbon and nitrogen and activities of catalase, invertase and urease were increased significantly (P<0.05), while the highest contents and activities were shown in 20%ES. To compared with control, soil respiration rate was improved significantly in vermicompost treatment, especially for 5%ES (P<0.05), but no significant differences for metabolic quotient and the ratio of microbial carbon and nitrogen were shown. According to correlation results, contents of dissolved carbon, available nitrogen and phosphorus have remarkable positive relationship with contents of microbial carbon and nitrogen, activities of catalase, invertase and urease (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that: significant higher soil biological qualities were shown between 10%, 20% vermicompost treatments and control, 5% vermicompost treatments(P<0.05). Furthermore, vermin-compost could be produced by organic wastes from agriculture and applied in grain production. Its suitable proposition in soil suggests a potential application of improving soil quality.