The experiment was conducted to study the effect of different fertilizer application and continuous cropping on yield and quality of facility cucumber. The results indicated that the treatment of the farmer traditional fertilization and no fertilizer treatment could lead to the yield decline and the quality of the cucumber getting worse. Reasonable fertilization could reduce the yield decline relatively, and improve the quality of the cucumber. Along with the continuous cropping, the yield and the contents of Vc, soluble sugar, soluble protein, free amino acid and organic acid of the facility cucumbers in the farmers’ traditional fertilization treatment decreased, and the nitrate content of cucumber fruit increased. The yield and nitrate content of cucumber fruit decreased, while the contents of Vc, soluble sugar, soluble protein, free amino acid and organic acid increasing in the treatments of reducing N fertilizer, reducing P fertilizer, increasing K fertilizer, increasing organic fertilizer and optimized fertilization. In combination with yield and quality of the cucumber, the effect of optimized fertilization treatment was best. Compared with farmer traditional fertilization treatment, the yield decline and nitrate content of cucumber fruit decreased by 74.7% and 20.6%, the contents of Vc, soluble sugar, soluble protein, free amino acid and organic acid increased by 39.6%, 17.7%, 29.3%, 20.7%, and 53.0% respectively.