A field experiment was carried out to study the influences of different fertilization treatments on yield, nitrogen uptake and use efficiency of rice in order to provide basis for the applying fertilizer rational. The results showed that, compared with no fertilization (CK), all the fertilizer treatments enhanced significantly rice grain yields, the yield increased by 28.5% – 40.0%, there was no obvious difference in different fertilization treatments. Nitrogen fertilizer increased productive panicle and grains per panicle by 5.5% – 26.1% and 25.2% – 57.0%, respectively. The results of nutrient uptake indicated that the nitrogen fertilization treatments enhanced significantly nitrogen absorption of rice which mainly distributed in rice grain, accounting for 71.3%?–?79.0%. The grain yields did not decrease under N application amounts with a reduction by 21.6% (optimized fertilization (T2), controlled release urea (T3), controlled release urea + urea (T4) ) compared with conventional fertilization (T1), while the N agronomic efficiency, partial factor productivity of applied nitrogen, nitrogen physiological efficiency and nitrogen harvest index were increased by 3.2 – 6.9 kg/kg, 11.7 – 15.4 kg/kg, 7.0 – 30.6 kg/kg, 0.04 – 0.08, respectively, and all those results showed that the treatment of controlled release urea (T3) was the highest. It demonstrates that appropriate fertilization and scientific application methods can improve nutrient use efficiency.