As a typical psammophyte subshrub, Artemisia ordosica plays a particular role in making charcoal materials. However, the morphology and chemical properties of biochar mainly depend on carbonization temperature. In the present study, Artemisia ordosica biochar at a range of 300 – 900℃ under anaerobic carbonization condition was prepared, and the effects of carbonization temperature on porosity, surface functional groups, biochar yield and organic components of the Artemisia ordosica biochar were investigated. The results indicated that the biochar porosity increased with the increase of temperature, biochar structure was damaged to some extent after 700℃; C–O–C, –COOH, –CH3, –CH2, –OH and C=O gradually disappeared after carbonization; biochar yield decreased with the increase of temperature, particularly in 300 –?400 ℃; the cellulose and semicellulose greatly decomposed with the increase of temperature within 300 – 400 ℃; the carbon content in biochar increased from 701.7 g/kg to 899.3 g/kg, increased by 197.6 g/kg; however, the contents of hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen decreased by 21.4 g/kg, 171.8 g/kg and 6.6 g/kg, respectively; H/C, O/C and ( N + O) /C gradually reduced. In summary, when the biomass was heated and carbonized, carbonization temperature was positively related to biochar porosity and carbon contents of organic components, while was negatively correlated to biochar yield, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen content of biochar. The original biochar structure was preserved under low-moderate temperature. However, high temperature destroyed the biochar structure to a degree. Artemisia ordosica biomass contain plenty of functional group. The most of functional groups disappeared with the increase of the pyrolytic temperature and the composition of Si–O–Si was left. In addition, the biomass heating pyrolysis is a process which aromaticity is increased and hydrophilic and polarity are gradually decreased.