SOM is a major component of soil, playing an important role in determining the dynamic changes of soil quality. In order to conveniently understand the limitations of current detection methods of SOM for developing new measurement tools for SOM, this paper firstly summarized the current measuring methods of SOM, including dry combustion method, titration method, chemical oxidation, loss-on-ignition method and spectrometric method; secondly, analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of all methods and discussed the optimal method; thirdly, proposed an ideal about in-situ and nondestructive measurement tool with regards to agricultural requirement and measurement method's shortcomings; finally, discussed the prospect of rapid determination in future research. This paper is hoped to provide fundamental information support and proposal for precise agriculture implementation and sustainable agricultural development.