In order to investigate the contents and changes of cultivated soil organic matter (SOM) of different soil groups since the 2nd national soil survey (1980s) in Qujing, 13 171 samples of plough layers covering 12 soil groups of cultivated soils were collected from 2006 to 2011 and SOM contents were analyzed. The results showed that SOM content of 5 soil groups was increased and 7 soil groups decreased, in which the average SOM contents of Latosolic red soils, Paddy soils, Purplish soils, Alluvial soils and Torrid red soils increased by 13.0%, 16.8%, 19.5%, 52.5% and 222.4%, respectively; while those of Subalpine meadow soils, Yellow soils, Red soils, Limestone soils, Yellow-brown soils, Brown soils and Bog soils reduced by 6.2%, 17.7%, 19.6%, 32.3%, 36.0%, 42.9% and 74.1%, respectively. SOM content in 80.8% area of dry farming land decreased, suggesting soil quality of dry farming land was degraded in Qujing, so green manure plant and straw turnover should be applied in order to increase SOM and to improve soil quality.