土壤酸化是土壤质量退化的一个重要方面，农业活动对其有极其重要的驱动作用。本文从土壤酸化加速的农业主驱因素：化肥、作物及有机物料等方面阐述它们对土壤酸化的影响。认为化肥尤其是生理酸性肥料和含硫肥料的不合理施用加速土壤酸化，而氮肥的致酸除受氮素形态影响外，硝化作用及硝化产物的淋溶是重要的致酸原因，同时豆科作物的固氮致酸作用也不容忽视。作物通过选择性吸收盐基阳离子，通过秸秆和子粒转移出生产系统后，导致土壤盐基量减少，土壤表面交换性酸增加；作物根系呼吸、根系分泌物及土壤溶液中重碳酸盐的淋溶也引起土壤酸化；而秸秆和畜禽粪便对土壤酸化的影响除受土壤本身性质影响外，秸秆中的灰化碱含量、畜禽粪便中的碳及氮和盐分去向对酸化也有重要的影响。

Soil acidification is an important issue of soil degradation. Agricultural activities play a key role on its acceleration. This review summarized the effects of fertilizers, N cycling, C dynamic and organic matter management on soil acidification. The major reasons leading to acidification of fertilizers are contributed to the large amount of physiological acidic and containing acid, sulfur or chloride fertilizers application. The major processes leading to acidification during N cycling in soils include: 1) the imbalance of cation over anion uptake in the rhizosphere of plants either actively fixing N2 gas or taking up NH4+ ions as the major source of N; 2) the net nitrification of N and the leaching of nitrate with a companion basic cation. The uptake of excess cations over anions by plant results in the acidification of the rhizosphere, and the removal of plant seed and residue which has access cation over anion results in the depletion of base cations and the increase of exchangeable acidity of topsoil. The root respiration and root exudates and bicarbonate leaching should be taken into consideration seriously. The role of plant residues and manures causes soil acidification differing in soil initial pH, and is influenced by the ash alkalinity of plant residues and the saline content of manures as well as the carbon and nitrogen cycling.

S153.4；S152

国家自然科学基金项目(41201278)、江苏省创新资金项目(CX(13)5046)和国际合作项目(IPNI-jiangsu-10)资助